![]() Sir John Herschel added many observed double stars to the growing catalogue of celestial bodies. Ernst Mach argued for the elimination of absolute space in favour of a space and time consisting of observable relations between things, thus providing incentive for Einstein’s theory of relativity. ![]() Lyell’s efforts established geology as a science. Hermann von Helmholtz studied the physiology of tones and discovered a principle of the conservation of force. Faraday, Maxwell and Hertz contributed seminal ideas in electromagnetic theory. Darwin, Wallace and Spencer caused a revolution in biology. Science drove industry and free enterprise, and became a powerful catalyst in the battle between defenders of knowledge as power and advocates of knowledge as love.įruitful scientific theories and observations were plentiful. In the nineteenth century, science was organized, it tested and confirmed positive knowledge of the natural world and achieved remarkable theoretical development and hitherto unimagined practical application. ![]()
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